A) A U.S. Senator may not serve more than two terms. INCORRECT This statement is false because there is no constitutional amendment limiting the number of terms a U.S. Senator can serve. Senators are elected to six-year terms, and they can be re-elected indefinitely. The Constitution, in Article I, Section 3, sets the qualifications for senators but does not impose term limits. The idea of term limits for Congress has been debated, but no amendment has been passed to enact them. Therefore, this option does not represent a function established by a constitutional amendment.
B) A U.S. President may not serve more than two elected terms. CORRECT This is the correct answer because the Twenty-Second Amendment, ratified in 1951, explicitly states that no person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice. This amendment was a direct response to Franklin D. Roosevelt's unprecedented four terms in office, which raised concerns about the concentration of executive power. The amendment ensures a regular rotation of leadership and prevents any individual from becoming too powerful. It is a clear example of a federal government function—the presidency—being regulated by a constitutional amendment.
C) The Supreme Court may enact bills passed by both houses of Congress. INCORRECT This statement is incorrect because the Supreme Court does not have the power to enact bills; that is the role of the legislative branch. The Constitution, in Article I, grants all legislative powers to Congress, and the President has the power to sign or veto bills. The Supreme Court's function is to interpret laws and the Constitution, not to create legislation. This separation of powers is a fundamental principle of the U.S. government, and no constitutional amendment has changed this. Therefore, this option does not describe a function established by an amendment.
D) The Senate may ratify treaties negotiated by the House of Representatives. INCORRECT This statement is false because the Constitution, in Article II, Section 2, gives the President the power to negotiate treaties, and the Senate has the sole authority to ratify them by a two-thirds vote. The House of Representatives has no role in treaty ratification. This process was established in the original Constitution, not by an amendment. The separation of powers and checks and balances are designed to ensure that no single branch has too much control, and the treaty process is a clear example of this. Therefore, this option does not represent a function established by a constitutional amendment.
