A) the use of military tribunal to try suspected Nazi saboteurs INCORRECT This option is incorrect because military tribunals for Nazi saboteurs were authorized by a separate proclamation by President Roosevelt in July 1942, not by Executive Order 9066. The tribunals were used to try eight German agents who landed in the U.S. with plans to sabotage war industries. The Supreme Court upheld the use of military tribunals in Ex parte Quirin (1942), but this action was distinct from the internment of Japanese Americans. Executive Order 9066 specifically dealt with the exclusion of persons from military areas, not with the trial of enemy combatants.
B) the entry of the United States into World War II INCORRECT This option is incorrect because the United States entered World War II following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and the subsequent declaration of war by Congress on December 8, 1941. Executive Order 9066 was issued later, in February 1942, and did not authorize entry into the war. The power to declare war is vested in Congress by the Constitution (Article I, Section 8), not in the President. Therefore, this action was not authorized by Executive Order 9066.
C) the desegregation of the United States military INCORRECT This option is incorrect because the desegregation of the U.S. military was ordered by President Harry S. Truman through Executive Order 9981 in 1948, not by Executive Order 9066. Executive Order 9981 declared that 'there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.' This was a significant step in the civil rights movement, but it occurred after World War II and was unrelated to the internment of Japanese Americans.
D) the internment of Japanese Americans CORRECT This option is correct because Executive Order 9066, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, authorized the Secretary of War to prescribe military areas and exclude any persons from those areas. This order was used to forcibly relocate and intern over 110,000 Japanese Americans, two-thirds of whom were U.S. citizens, from the West Coast to remote internment camps. The internment was justified as a necessary security measure after Pearl Harbor, but it was later recognized as a grave injustice. The Supreme Court upheld the order in Korematsu v. United States (1944), but the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 provided reparations and an official apology, acknowledging that the internment was a result of race prejudice and war hysteria.
